Dr. Jeff Masters' WunderBlog

The United States of Snow

Posted by: Dr. Jeff Masters, 17:51 GMT le 13 février 2010

We live in the United States of Snow. A rare Deep South heavy snowstorm whipped across the southern tier of states yesterday, dumping six-plus inches of snow over portions of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. Even Florida got into the act, with up to two inches recorded in the extreme northwestern Panhandle. The snowstorm left 49 of the 50 states with snow cover, according to an article by Associated Press. Hawaii was the lone hold-out. David Robinson, head of the Rutgers Global Snow Lab, said that 67.1% of the U.S. had snow cover on Friday morning, with the average depth a respectable 8 inches. Normally, the U.S. has about 40 - 50% snow coverage during the 2nd week of February. January had the 6th greatest snow cover in the 44-year record over the contiguous U.S., and December 2009 had the most snow cover of any December on record. The current pattern of record heavy snows over the the Eastern U.S. is primarily due to a natural oscillation in the Earth's climate system called the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). (Some prefer to discuss this in terms of the Arctic Oscillation, which is as a close cousin of the NAO, and one can use either). I discussed the NAO's influence on winter weather in a post last month. Another contributing factor is probably the current moderate El Niño event.

An all-time record snow for Dallas
The most recent storm clobbered Dallas with 12.5" of snow, the heaviest snow on record for the Dallas-Fort Worth Airport. Dallas' previous record was 7.4", set on January 15 - 16, 1964. The 15.7" of snow that has now fallen on Dallas this winter eclipses the previous record seasonal snowfall for the city--14.1" during the winter of 1977 - 1978. The snowstorm dumped over a foot of snow along a narrow region just north of Dallas and Fort Worth, with the towns of Haslet and Duncanville receiving 14.2" and 14.9", respectively.

Figure 1. Dallas' all-time record snowfall made for an un-inviting swim at this pool in nearby Flower Mound. Image credit: wunderphotographer texasdog.

A few selected snow amounts from the storm, courtesy of the National Weather Service:

...NORTH CAROLINA ...
HARKERS ISLAND 3.2 NE 8.8
HAVELOCK 2.7 S 8.5
BEAUFORT 7.0
NEWPORT 7.0
SEA LEVEL 7.0
OUTLAND 4 S 6.8
WINTERVILLE 3.5 W 6.4
CAPE CARTERET 6.2
BETTIE 6.0
BURGAW 6.0
JACKSONVILLE 6.0
MOREHEAD CITY 6.0
GREENVILLE 5.8

...ALABAMA...
BELLEVILLE 6.0
BRANTLEY 5.0
EVERGREEN 5 N 5.0
THOMASVILLE 5.0
EUFAULA 4 S 4.5
LOTTIE 4.5
MONROEVILLE 0.6 SSW 4.1
ARITON 4.0
PINSON 4.0
RAMER 4.0
TROY 4.0
WARD 4.0

...ARKANSAS...
FOREMAN 4.0
TEXARKANA 1 N 4.0

...FLORIDA...
BERRYDALE 2.0
MUNSON 2.0
JAY 1.0

...GEORGIA...
LUMPKIN 6.0
WASHINGTON 1.9 NE 5.8
LOGANVILLE 4 SSE 5.3
NICHOLSON 4.9 SE 4.8
ATHENS 3.2 NW 4.6
LA GRANGE 10.6 ESE 4.5
WATKINSVILLE 1.6 ENE 4.4
ROCKMART 9.6 SSE 4.3
TALBOTTON 4.0
HAMILTON 5 W 3.5
VILLA RICA 3.5
SENOIA 2 N 3.0
DACULA 2.5
CUTHBERT 2.0
MACON 2.0
ROME 2.0

...LOUISIANA...
SHREVEPORT 9.1 SE 6.1
NATCHITOCHES 0.9 NE 6.0
SHONGALOO 5 N 6.0
SICILY ISLAND 3.3 WNW 6.0
GOLDONNA 8.8 SSW 5.6
MONROE 5.0
PLAIN DEALING 3.3 ESE 5.0
HOMER 1.2 N 3.7
WEST MONROE 6.1 WSW 3.5

...MISSISSIPPI...
DE KALB 8.0
BUDE 6.5
VICKSBURG 6.3
BROOKHAVEN 6.0
NATCHEZ 6.0
PETAL 6.0
BRANDON 5.0
CATAHOULA 5.0
MADISON 5.0
BRANDON 1.9 NE 4.6
MERIDIAN 4.5
MCCALL CREEK 5 W 4.0

...OKLAHOMA...
HAWORTH 4 SW 7.5
IDABEL 8 SE 7.5

...SOUTH CAROLINA...
SUMMERVILLE 3.8 NE 8.2
COLUMBIA 7.3
BAMBERG 7.0
BOWMAN 7.0
EVANS 1 SE 7.0
LEXINGTON 1.6 WNW 7.0
OAK GROVE 1 SE 7.0
OATLAND 8 N 7.0
SMOAKS 7.0
HEMINGWAY 6.8
SANGAREE 6.5
ORANGEBURG 6.0
DARLINGTON 5.0
BLYTHE 4.0
CHARLESTON 3.3
BEAUFORT 3.0

...TEXAS...
DUNCANVILLE 1.7 NNW 14.9
HASLET 14.2
FORT WORTH 12.6
DALLAS 12.5
MANSFIELD 2.6 NNE 12.2
BRIDGEPORT 12.0
ROYSE CITY 12.0
SANGER 1.8 WSW 12.0
MESQUITE 3.3 ESE 11.4
NORTH RICHLAND HILLS 1.9 NE 11.3

As we can see from a plot of the frequency of U.S. snowstorms between 1900 - 2001 (Figure 2), heavy snow events of 6+ inches occur about once every ten years for Dallas, and between once every ten years and once every 100 years for the portions of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina that received 6+ inches of snow from this storm.

Figure 2. The annual average number of snowstorms with a 6 inch (15.2 cm) or greater accumulation, from the years 1901 - 2001. A value of 0.1 means an average of one 6+ inch snowstorm every ten years. Image credit: Changnon, S.A., D. Changnon, and T.R. Karl, 2006, Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Snowstorms in the Contiguous United States, J. Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 45, 8, pp. 1141-1155, DOI: 10.1175/JAM2395.1.

More heavy snowstorms occur in warmer-than-average years
I made this point in yesterday's blog post, but it's worth repeating. Another interesting result from the Changnon et al. (2006) paper of Figure 2 is the relationship between heavy snowstorms and the average winter temperature. For the contiguous U.S. between 1900 - 2001, the authors found that 61% - 80% of all heavy snowstorms of 6+ inches occurred during winters with above normal temperatures. In other words, the old adage, "it's too cold to snow", has some truth to it. The authors also found that 61% - 85% of all heavy snowstorms of 6+ inches occurred during winters that were wetter than average. The authors conclude, "a future with wetter and warmer winters, which is one outcome expected (National Assessment Synthesis Team 2001), will bring more heavy snowstorms of 6+ inches than in 1901 - 2000. The authors found that over the U.S. as a whole, there had been a slight but significant increase in heavy snowstorms of 6+ inches than in 1901 - 2000. So, there is evidence that the average climate of the U.S. over the past 100 years is colder than optimal for heavy snow events to occur. If the climate continues to warm, we should expect an increase in heavy snow events for a few decades, until the climate grows so warm that we pass the point where winter temperatures are at the optimum for heavy snow events. However, a study by Houston and Changnon (2009) on the most severe types of snowstorms--the "top ten" heaviest snows on record for each of 121 major U.S. cities--shows no upward or downward trend in the very heaviest snowstorms for the contiguous U.S. between 1948 - 2001.

A new snowstorm for the mid-Atlantic and New York City on Monday
The extreme amounts of snow on the ground in the Mid-Atlantic thanks to back-to-back blizzards over the past week will get a fresh layer on top Monday night, when a new snowstorm will probably dump another 3 - 6 inches of snow on Washington D.C., Baltimore, and Philadelphia. The new storm is called an "Alberta Clipper", due to its fast motion and genesis location in Canada's Alberta Province. These storms are relatively dry and tend to bring lighter, fluffier snow. Once the Clipper moves out over the Atlantic off the coast of Maryland, it will pick up some Atlantic moisture and bring some heavier snows to the New York City region, potentially 6 - 10 inches.

Media coverage by the Washington Post
I did a phone-in press call with 20 media outlets on Thursday, to discuss how record snowstorms do not imply that global warming is not occurring. Participating on the call with me was Dr. Joe Romm, who blogs on climate-related issues for climateprogress.org. The audio is posted there if you want to listen.

The Washington Post highlighted a portion of the call where I said, "there's a huge amount of natural variability in the climate system", not enough years of measurements to know exactly what's going on, and "Unfortunately we don't have that data so we are forced to make decisions based on inadequate data." The article said that my statements shot down the statement by Joe Romm that "the overwhelming weight of the scientific literature" points to human-caused warming and that doubters "don't understand the science." Let me clarify that there will always be considerable uncertainty in our understanding of a chaotic system like the atmosphere. We should not demand certainty where it cannot exist, always using uncertainty as an excuse for taking no action. Keep in mind that the uncertainty goes both ways--climate change could be far worse than the IPCC is predicting, and it would be wise to buy an intelligent amount of insurance to protect ourselves. I agree with Dr. Romm's statement, and the official Statement on Climate Change from the American Meteorological Society, "Despite the uncertainties...there is adequate evidence from observations and interpretations of climate simulations to conclude that the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface are warming; that humans have significantly contributed to this change; and that further climate change will continue to have important impacts on human societies, on economies, on ecosystems, and on wildlife through the 21st century and beyond." The official statement from the UK Royal Society and UK Met Office is also one I agree with, "The 2007 IPCC Assessment, the most comprehensive and respected analysis of climate change to date, states clearly that without substantial global reductions of greenhouse gas emissions we can likely expect a world of increasing droughts, floods and species loss, of rising seas and displaced human populations. However even since the 2007 IPCC Assessment the evidence for dangerous, long-term and potentially irreversible climate change has strengthened. The scientific evidence which underpins calls for action at Copenhagen is very strong. Without coordinated international action on greenhouse gas emissions, the impacts on climate and civilization could be severe.".

Next post
Looks like the winter onslaught will slow down for a day, so I'll be back Monday with a new post.

Jeff Masters

overton texas 2/12/10 (dinkasu)

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Snow - 2.13.10 Palm Trees (ruralart)

Palm trees in the snow, Cheraw, SC

Snowy Palms (nuq)

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351. PensacolaDoug 12:49 GMT le 15 février 2010
I'm gonna start paying. Have a good day! Member Since: 25 juillet 2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 4827

352. HurricaneSwirl 12:54 GMT le 15 février 2010
How disappointing. They had to have cancelled at least 100 counties worth of Winter Weather Advisories. It's not gonna snow even in places as far north as Atlanta and Athens who may have gotten 3 inches if it was cold enough. Member Since: 7 juillet 2008 Posts: 2 Comments: 3237

353. CaneHunter031472 12:55 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting BahaHurican: CaneH, U do not have to be a paying member to post on the blog. That's great news will save me ten bucks :-) Member Since: 1 août 2007 Posts: 0 Comments: 895

354. drg0dOwnCountry 13:07 GMT le 15 février 2010
An amazing, though clearly little-known, scientific fact: We get more snow storms in warm years! Results for the November–December period showed that most of the United States had experienced 61%– 80% of the storms in warmer-than-normal years. Assessment of the January–February temperature conditions again showed that most of the United States had 71%–80% of their snowstorms in warmer-than-normal years. In the March–April season 61%–80% of all snowstorms in the central and southern United States had occurred in warmer-than-normal years…. Thus, these comparative results reveal that a future with wetter and warmer winters, which is one outcome expected (National Assessment Synthesis Team 2001), will bring more snowstorms than in 1901–2000. Agee (1991) found that long-term warming trends in the United States were associated with increasing cyclonic activity in North America, further indicating that a warmer future climate will generate more winter storms. http://climateprogress.org/2010/02/15/an-amazing-though-clearly-little-known-scientific-fact-we-get -more-snow-storms-in-warm-years/#more-18963 Member Since: 22 septembre 2005 Posts: 11 Comments: 1937

355. PensacolaDoug 13:15 GMT le 15 février 2010
Member Since: 25 juillet 2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 4827

356. PensacolaDoug 13:16 GMT le 15 février 2010
When we had a few warm winters it GW when we have a Cold snowy winter its GW. Amazing. Member Since: 25 juillet 2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 4827

357. weathermanwannabe 13:49 GMT le 15 février 2010
Good Morning. Just hunkering down for some more cold weather in North Florida this week; Just blessed to not live in the other parts of the US shut down by the blizzards. But everything is relative......Snow in populated centers/cities with the disruptions is a pain.....Snow in Vancouver right now is valued commodity. Member Since: 8 août 2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 6687

358. AussieStorm 13:55 GMT le 15 février 2010
Good Evening all. How is everyone, thawing out? Member Since: 30 septembre 2007 Posts: 5 Comments: 13317

359. Walshy 14:05 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting AussieStorm: Good Evening all. How is everyone, thawing out? Snowing again here in the south-east. Schools closed with 1-3 inches for elevations below 2,500FT in North Carolina. 2-4 for higher elevations. Some ski resorts here have over a 100inch base! Not common for us southerners. Appalachian Ski Mtn, North Carolina Base Snow: 82 - 116" With more on the way... Member Since: 17 mai 2009 Posts: 2 Comments: 618

361. Walshy 14:14 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting Jeff9641: 70's and 80's will be back in Florida starting Friday thru maybe all of next week. Also, with this warm weather will be the chance for severe wx starting early next week for much of the Southeast US especially the closer you get to the Gulf Coast. Some serious tornado outbreaks maybe coming down the road as warm air moves back north and interactes with cold air and this powerful southern jet. Severe wx season is here. Looking out my window seeing heavy snow right now... It was just a day ago we, (NC) was under a blizzard warning and FL was getting snow! I do see that storm your talking about for this weekend. Its hard to believe what mother nature has in store for us already...I can't imagine being under a severe thunderstorm warning with snow on the ground! Member Since: 17 mai 2009 Posts: 2 Comments: 618

362. Skyepony (Mod) 14:15 GMT le 15 février 2010
CaneHunter031472~ Dr Master's did a very extensive blog on solar cycles both long & short. By the long we should really be getting colder not trending warmer & the short (11 year) we just came out of a much longer than usual minimum. Taking hippies out of the equation isn't going to take Viagra & other Pharmasutical out of drinking water or all the things out of the air that cause more deaths than car accidents. Many parts of China has proved what unregulated polluting does to communities.. Those are more extreme since many times there was zero pollution prevention & it went on till all of the communities kids & some others were dying.. Plenty of example close to home.. How about the cancer clusters from the local air force base that killed a sister of mine (before I was born), the cancer cluster around the local big corperation We are only about 100 years into really fouling things up. If greenhouse gases didn't exist the earth would be frozen. It goes both ways. I don't support cap & trade. Neather do those that are educated on the matter. Notice the same companys spending crazy to put out anti-science propaganda support cap & trade. Member Since: 10 août 2005 Posts: 144 Comments: 29283

363. Skyepony (Mod) 14:28 GMT le 15 février 2010
Cyclone spares tropical island Denver Post Wire Report Posted: 02/14/2010 01:00:00 AM MST PAGO PAGO, American Samoa — A powerful tropical storm missed American Samoa early Saturday morning, causing heavy rains and high winds but sparing more devastation to the U.S. territory battered by a deadly autumn tsunami. Tropical Cyclone Rene was about 110 miles south of Pago Pago and moving southwest on a track that will take it into central and southern Tonga, said cyclone forecaster Alipate Waqaicelua of the Nadi Tropical Cyclone Center in Fiji. Member Since: 10 août 2005 Posts: 144 Comments: 29283

364. Orcasystems 14:38 GMT le 15 février 2010
AOI AOI AOI AOI Humor in Comments Member Since: 1 octobre 2007 Posts: 77 Comments: 26077

365. Orcasystems 14:40 GMT le 15 février 2010
Weather up here is a little bit warm right now... almost to warm for the Olympics... and I am already feeding the Koi in the pond. Member Since: 1 octobre 2007 Posts: 77 Comments: 26077

366. GetReal 14:42 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting CaneHunter031472: If this is true which I believe it is. Why is Dr. Masters as many others now blaming this winter to Global Warming? aren't they concerned about their credibility. I am using this site for Hurricane tracking only from now on Will not listen to him anymore since I know now he is biased. Maybe he is not concerned about his credibility, but his investment portfolio that takes precedence (Green Tech)??? Member Since: 4 juillet 2005 Posts: 204 Comments: 8196

367. AussieStorm 14:54 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting Skyepony: Cyclone spares tropical island Denver Post Wire Report Posted: 02/14/2010 01:00:00 AM MST PAGO PAGO, American Samoa — A powerful tropical storm missed American Samoa early Saturday morning, causing heavy rains and high winds but sparing more devastation to the U.S. territory battered by a deadly autumn tsunami. Tropical Cyclone Rene was about 110 miles south of Pago Pago and moving southwest on a track that will take it into central and southern Tonga, said cyclone forecaster Alipate Waqaicelua of the Nadi Tropical Cyclone Center in Fiji. Tonga prepares for cyclone Rene Cyclone Rene is bearing down on Tonga's main island, Tongatapu. It has weakened slightly from earlier in the day when it was a category 4 storm. People on the main island of Tongatapu have been taking precautions all day. The publisher of the Times of Tonga newspaper, Kalafi Moala, says strong winds are already being felt in the capital. "As I'm standing looking out of my house, my gate just blew off, so there's some very strong winds blowing right now," he said. "We have been told by radio that by 9:00 tonight Tongan time, cyclone Rene would be bearing down about 50 kilometres north of Nuku'alofa and that is coming very close." - ABC Member Since: 30 septembre 2007 Posts: 5 Comments: 13317

368. AussieStorm 14:55 GMT le 15 février 2010
Wettest February on record for NSW South Coast It seems that everyone is getting a turn at being flooded by the summer rains, and the NSW South Coast is no exception. Since 9am this morning, Moruya Airport has already recorded 135 millimetres; that's just over 20 millimetres every hour. This makes it the wettest day on record. Narooma, further south, picked up 152 millimetres to 9am, the wettest 24 hours in February in 39 years. As if this wasn't enough, there has been a further 98 millimetres today so far as well. Most of this region has now received between 300 and 500 percent of their average monthly rainfall for February, generally making it the wettest month on record, with some records going back over twenty years. But why so much rain? Over the last day or so a deep low developed off the nearby coast, focusing heavy rain over the eastern VIC and NSW coasts. As well as this, coastal waters have been particularly warm this year, adding to the abundance of available moisture. The good news is that the rain will ease up in the next 24 hours as the low heads off into the Tasman Sea, perhaps to wreak havoc in New Zealand in a few days time. By Wednesday, a high pressure ridge will establish clearer skies until Sunday. - Weatherzone Member Since: 30 septembre 2007 Posts: 5 Comments: 13317

369. Grothar 14:58 GMT le 15 février 2010
Most of you know me on the blog. I have never got into the argument of AGW either pro or con. Therefore, I would find it difficult to believe anyone could know my full position on subject. However, I noticed a comment this morning in which my name was mentioned. As many of you know, I was born in the U.S. of American Parents. In the U.S. since the 1800's. I was educated in Europe, residing mostly in the Scandinavian countries and Germany, but many other countries as well (including Greenland). There reference this morning was to my "denial" of conditions in Greenland when the early Viking settlers lived there. If some of you may not realize, the schools in the Scandinavia countries often teach the Old Norse languages and we must read the full history of our countries,even to the point of learning the old runic alpabet. I am quite well aware of the large Viking settlements which were in Greenland from approximately 800-1200 A.D. The climate was much warmer than it is today, especially along the southwestern coast. There was farming, grazing, cattle raising and abundant forests along the coastal area. The settlements may have supported population well over 10,000 inhabitans. I have visited many of the sites of the old villages. The clarification I attempeted to make to one of the bloggers a while back, was that the ice sheets were still relatively the same at that time as they are today. The entire island of Greenland was not a lush paradise. Even at that time, the winters were much colder in Greenland than they were in Iceland and Norway. The question which still remains, was why the settlements were abandoned. It is known that after 1300 A.D. The climate became much colder and they settlers could not apapt. When I see derogatory remarks made about our host, Dr. Masters, it is upsetting in the fact that it is now no longer a lack of civility which prevails, but total lack of respect for anyone's opinions. This is directed to both sides of the argument. If they disagree that much, let them start their own blog. If I ever want to clarify something, I normally e-mail the person as not to cause embarrassment or create another argument. I have never berated anyone on this blog or resorted to name-calling. I would expect others to behave the same, but obviously that is behavior for which many on this blog are incapabable. Member Since: 17 juillet 2009 Posts: 56 Comments: 19515

370. Orcasystems 14:58 GMT le 15 février 2010
Out of Context... but it is winter weather related :) 2010 Winter Olympics Blog compliments of dashboardcowman Member Since: 1 octobre 2007 Posts: 77 Comments: 26077

371. natrwalkn 14:59 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting Walshy: Looking out my window seeing heavy snow right now... It was just a day ago we, (NC) was under a blizzard warning and FL was getting snow! I do see that storm your talking about for this weekend. Its hard to believe what mother nature has in store for us already...I can't imagine being under a severe thunderstorm warning with snow on the ground! Nothing but rain here in Greensboro. :( Member Since: 14 août 2008 Posts: 0 Comments: 67

372. AwakeInMaryland 15:11 GMT le 15 février 2010
369. Thank you, Grothar. The blog is so lucky to receive a free science/humanities seminar today on Greenland... this might have cost plenty at an area university or adult-education center. Member Since: 19 août 2008 Posts: 32 Comments: 1918

373. Stanb999 15:12 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting Grothar: When I see derogatory remarks made about our host, Dr. Masters, it is upsetting in the fact that it is now no longer a lack of civility which prevails, but total lack of respect for anyone's opinions. I'm an ardent about my opinions about AGW.... I also agree with you about the lack of respect. There is no reason to be jerks... Member Since: 3 septembre 2008 Posts: 0 Comments: 444

374. lilElla 15:13 GMT le 15 février 2010
CaneHunter031472 - Thank goodness for the HIPPIES! Their love of our earth is part of the reason we are still able to drink clean water and breathe clean air. Thank goodness for "EARTH DAY" and the awereness it brought. It makes no difference if you are for or against climate change - taking care of "Mother Earth" is what we all should be doing. As another blogger said, there is only one earth and without "her", we are nothing! Please think of your children and the future generations!! Member Since: 5 décembre 2008 Posts: 0 Comments: 251

375. AwakeInMaryland 15:15 GMT le 15 février 2010
Just found this; my thanks (again) to Canada and a Canadian dad...this has gone international. www.cyberbullying.org Member Since: 19 août 2008 Posts: 32 Comments: 1918

376. KEEPEROFTHEGATE (Mod) 15:16 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting Orcasystems: Weather up here is a little bit warm right now... almost to warm for the Olympics... and I am already feeding the Koi in the pond. spring time in vancover abnormally warm with the kink in stream things start turn around after 25th of the month heading into march Member Since: 15 juillet 2006 Posts: 143 Comments: 40476

377. Orcasystems 15:17 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting KEEPEROFTHEGATE: spring time in vancover abnormally warm with the kink in stream things start turn around after 25th of the month heading into march SWMBO has me doing the gardens already... which is not unusual for Feb, thats when spring starts here. Member Since: 1 octobre 2007 Posts: 77 Comments: 26077

378. AwakeInMaryland 15:21 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting Orcasystems: SWMBO has me doing the gardens already... which is not unusual for Feb, thats when spring starts here. oh, wow. When does your winter start? Actually (she shows her ignorance), when do all your seasons start, generally speaking. Thanks. Member Since: 19 août 2008 Posts: 32 Comments: 1918

379. AstroHurricane001 15:22 GMT le 15 février 2010
The most recent analog year to the 2010 hurricane season I think would be 2004: El Nino Modoki weakening through the hurricane season. Member Since: 30 août 2008 Posts: 8 Comments: 2811

380. indianrivguy 15:22 GMT le 15 février 2010
Good morning gang! Mr. Grothar.. + well said, thank you. Member Since: 23 septembre 2006 Posts: 1 Comments: 1782

381. AstroHurricane001 15:24 GMT le 15 février 2010
About the erroneous reports of an ice age: you're forgetting that while the cold air exited out of the Arctic, the warm tropical air has been filling directly into the Arctic ocean, warming up places such as Alaska and Greenland. In the Southern Hemisphere the warm air is flooding into the continents as ocean currents slow down. Member Since: 30 août 2008 Posts: 8 Comments: 2811

382. KEEPEROFTHEGATE (Mod) 15:24 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting Orcasystems: SWMBO has me doing the gardens already... which is not unusual for Feb, thats when spring starts here. ya lucky you no garden or landscaping here yet or for 2 more months season begins here by april 15 thats the latest i've seen snow here anyway and the last frosts normally by may 1st Member Since: 15 juillet 2006 Posts: 143 Comments: 40476

383. atmoaggie 15:26 GMT le 15 février 2010
369: Grothar!!! Yep. (though I do still doubt the veracity of the ice sheets being basically the same as today while a portion of Greenland supported all that flora and fauna...the place isn't that big. Such a difference would involve unbelievable temp gradients) Member Since: 16 août 2007 Posts: 6 Comments: 12461

384. Grothar 15:28 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting AwakeInMaryland: 369. Thank you, Grothar. The blog is so lucky to receive a free science/humanities seminar today on Greenland... this might have cost plenty at an area university or adult-education center. It usually does, Awake. But I felt generous today. I am planning on finally making entries to my personal blog. It will be in the field of Anthropology as relates to Languages. I feel that perhaps if people are made more aware that when statements are made in the subjunctive case, it is not necessarily a statement of fact, but rather a possibility or probability. It might help to prevent misunderstandings or arguments. I am trying to do my part. LOL Member Since: 17 juillet 2009 Posts: 56 Comments: 19515

385. AwakeInMaryland 15:34 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting Grothar: It usually does, Awake. But I felt generous today. I am planning on finally making entries to my personal blog. It will be in the field of Anthropology as relates to Languages. I feel that perhaps if people are made more aware that when statements are made in the subjunctive case, it is not necessarily a statement of fact, but rather a possibility or probability. It might help to prevent misunderstandings or arguments. I am trying to do my part. LOL Well, it's about time you listened to me and started your own Blog! (It's a JOKE, folks...sorta'. I've been "nudging" Grothar for awhile now, as is my cultural imperative, lol)! Grothar, if you write the entire blog in German again, puh-leez provide an English translation this time! Member Since: 19 août 2008 Posts: 32 Comments: 1918

386. atmoaggie 15:34 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting Grothar: It usually does, Awake. But I felt generous today. So when have we covered enough to get a degree or certification of some sort? Member Since: 16 août 2007 Posts: 6 Comments: 12461

387. AwakeInMaryland 15:36 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting atmoaggie: So when have we covered enough to get a degree or certification of some sort? LOL. +1 Talk about the pot and the kettle, though. Member Since: 19 août 2008 Posts: 32 Comments: 1918

388. atmoaggie 15:39 GMT le 15 février 2010
new blog Member Since: 16 août 2007 Posts: 6 Comments: 12461

389. Grothar 15:45 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting atmoaggie: 369: Grothar!!! Yep. (though I do still doubt the veracity of the ice sheets being basically the same as today while a portion of Greenland supported all that flora and fauna...the place isn't that big. Such a difference would involve unbelievable temp gradients) ATMOAGGIE!!!!!!!! Sorry I missed you. Yes, it really is that big! Through geological studies and even early Viking maps, the estimate of the ice caps have stayed relatively the same for about the past 100,000 years. It covers about 80% of the land area. By the way, I am going there again in a few months. You want to see for yourself? Don't forget to bring some shorts and bathing suits. It can get mighty warm there. LOL P.S. Just to reiterate, during the period from approximately 800 - 1200 A.D. the coastal areas were quite mild allowing large settlement to flourish in case anyone else missed that. Member Since: 17 juillet 2009 Posts: 56 Comments: 19515

390. Grothar 15:50 GMT le 15 février 2010
Quoting atmoaggie: So when have we covered enough to get a degree or certification of some sort? No, I shall give everyone a "cookie" with "ICING" on it. HA! Member Since: 17 juillet 2009 Posts: 56 Comments: 19515

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