An active Atlantic hurricane period coming
The remnants of Tropical Depression Five are no longer a threat, done in by high wind shear and close proximity to land. However, an active period for Atlantic hurricanes is likely for the remainder of August, as the global atmosphere undergoes a major change to the circulation pattern that has dominated Northern Hemisphere weather during July and August. A large trough of low pressure is gathering strength over Europe, and is expected to push eastward. By Thursday, this trough should be able to push away the blocking ridge of high pressure that has given Russia its worst heat wave in history. The shift in circulation has already weakened the large region of sinking air that has brought dry, stable conditions to the tropical Atlantic over the past month. Vertical instability, which was unusually low since late July, has now returned to near normal levels over the tropical Atlantic (Figure 1), though it remains quite low over the rest of the North Atlantic. Instability is measured as the difference in temperature between the surface and the top of the troposphere (the highest altitude that thunderstorm tops can penetrate to.) If the surface is very warm and the top of the troposphere is cold, an unstable atmosphere results, which helps to enhance thunderstorm updrafts and promotes hurricane development. Since SSTs in the Atlantic were at record highs and upper tropospheric temperatures were several degrees cooler than average in July, enhancing instability, something else must have been going on to reduce instability. Dry air can act to reduce instability, and it appears that an unusually dry atmosphere, due to large-scale sinking over the Atlantic, was responsible for the lack of instability. Now that vertical instability has returned to near normal levels, Atlantic hurricane activity should increase to at least average levels over the next two weeks. This is particularly true since SSTs are at record highs and vertical wind shear is at average to below average levels over the tropical Atlantic.
Figure 1. Vertical instability (in °C) over the Caribbean (left) and tropical Atlantic between the Lesser Antilles Islands and coast of Africa (right) in 2010. Normal instability is the black line, and this year's instability levels are in blue. The atmosphere became much more stable than normal in both regions at the end of July. This lack of instability also extended to the Gulf of Mexico and North Atlantic Ocean between Europe and North America. However, in the past few days, vertical instability has returned to normal, thanks to a major pattern shift in the global atmosphere. Image credit: NOAA/CIRA.
Figure 2. The climatology of Atlantic hurricane activity shows a sharp rise in activity around August 18.
Analysis
August 18 historically marks the point where Atlantic hurricane activity makes a major spike upwards (Figure 2.) On average, we can expect to see two named storms and one hurricane during the last half of August. The last half of August usually sees a moistening of the atmosphere off the coast of Africa, as the the African monsoon kicks into high gear. This year is no exception (Figure 3.) The dry Saharan Air Layer (SAL) has retreated to the north, leaving a moist atmosphere conducive for tropical cyclone development off the coast of Africa.
It would not be a surprise to see atmospheric instability increase to above-average levels by early next week as the major atmospheric pattern shift progresses. Will this usher in a hyperactive period of Atlantic hurricane activity next week, with a parade of three or four simultaneous storms strung out across the Atlantic? Probably not, since the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) only marginally favors upward motion over the tropical Atlantic, and is not forecast to change much over the next ten days. The Madden-Julian oscillation is a pattern of enhanced rainfall that travels along the Equator from west to east. The pattern has a wet phase with large-scale rising air and enhanced thunderstorm activity, followed by a dry phase with large-scale sinking air and suppressed thunderstorm activity. Each cycle lasts approximately 30 - 60 days. When the Madden-Julian oscillation is in its wet phase over a hurricane-prone region, the chances for tropical storm activity are greatly increased. The bottom line: I expect we will see 2 - 3 named storms in the Atlantic by the end of August, including one hurricane. Where these storms might develop and move is difficult to say. It currently appears that the global shift in circulation will bring near-average steering currents to the Atlantic over the next ten days, with a series of troughs of low pressure capable of recurving hurricanes, moving across the Atlantic. The GFS model is indicating, though, that during the few days of August, these troughs may weaken, making recurvature of hurricanes less likely, and increasing the probability of landfalling storms.
The GFS, NOGAPS, and ECMWF currently predict that one or two tropical storms will form between Africa and the Lesser Antilles Islands during the period 4 - 10 days from now. The NOGAPS model is predicting the development of a strong tropical disturbance near the coast of Honduras late this week.
Figure 3. Saharan Air Layer (SAL) analysis shows that the dry air and dust of the SAL (orange colors) lies well to the north of the hurricane breeding grounds off the coast of Africa, near the Cape Verdes Islands. Image credit: University of Wisconsin/NOAA Hurricane Research Division.
Smoke bedeviling Moscow again
Light easterly winds over the past few hours have brought smoke from wildfires back into Moscow today. Temperatures at Moscow's Domodedovo airport hit 29°C (84°F) today, which is 11°C (20°F) above average. The latest forecast for Moscow predicts that just one more day remains for Russia's greatest heat wave in recorded history. On Thursday, a strong trough of low pressure will move through European Russia, finally bringing below average temperatures.
Jeff Masters
Reader Comments
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Thanks!
Thanks!
Hi Storm! Thanks for all your info, updates, and brain storming opportunities!! You are a big asset to the blog! Getting distracted by the potty mouth but just now realized the ignore button was right next to the quote one. I'll use that next time. Thanks again. Mel
thanks
trust me that ignore button will become you best friend
Ok, that helps a lot...thanks again!
I think you meant 0700, not 9700. :)
Yes it will and i will toot my own horn im the one that got WU to code it into the program lol
No sweat. You should see the graphs tracking the NHC's intensity forecasts... yowza. They are all over the place!
This shows that forecasters know more about tracking than intensity.. always the toughest nut to crack.
the CV is comming xcool
I'm beginning to see that. The negative and exclamation buttons just solve the problem for the moment. Thanks!
It cracks me up. The next model run with take it out to sea and they'll say it too far out to believe or it doesn't have a good handle on the environment.
Let's have it play out and see what happens.
Pressure low in Caribbean .
Next up...
SOUTH FL, SOUTH FL, SOUTH FL casters.
Once we actually have something to track, I will start considering the trends of the models.
http://grip.nsstc.nasa.gov/
live tracking is available
2007 gave them fits, that's for sure.
THE EASTERLIES NEAR THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS...WITH AXIS REMAINING
ON THE DIVERGENT SIDE OF THE CENTRAL ATLANTIC TUTT. ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS HAS IMPROVED FROM WHAT WE WERE SEEING A COUPLE OF WEEKS
AGO. ALSO...AS MJO CONDITIONS REMAIN FAVORABLE IN THIS AREA...IT
WILL BE WISE TO CONTINUE MONITORING THIS FEATURE."
HPC
Its really low just north of the Caribbean...
thanks for reminder i had forgotten they were gonna test equipment today
...TROPICAL WAVES...
TROPICAL WAVE IS APPROACHING THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS ALONG 22W S
OF 24N MOVING W ABOUT 10-15 KT. LOW-LEVEL CYCLONIC FLOW IS ABOUT
THE WAVE AXIS EVIDENT IN VISIBLE SATELLITE IMAGERY AND CONFIRMED
BY AN ASCAT SCATTEROMETER PASS. THIS WAVE ALSO COINCIDES WITH A
MAXIMUM IN DEEP LAYER MOISTURE INDICATED BY TOTAL PRECIPITABLE
WATER IMAGERY. A SMALL SURGE OF AFRICAN DUST IS BEHIND THE WAVE
AXIS NEAR 23N. DUE TO THIS AREA OF DRIER AIR...NO DEEP
CONVECTION IS CURRENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE WAVE.
Here is the link too
GFS, CMC, NOGAPS
Link
Thanks for the heads up Dr Master.
I would throw in StormW, Levi32, and a few other into the mix.
Link
Excellent post Storm! I very much agree with what you said.
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