Dr. Jeff Masters' WunderBlog

Great Japan quake generates 8-foot tsunami in California

Posted by: Dr. Jeff Masters, 23:00 GMT le 11 Mars 2011

A great earthquake rocked the coast of Japan at 5:46 GMT on March 11, generating a dangerous tsunami that raced across the Pacific. The mighty earthquake was rated 8.9 on the Richter scale, making it the 7th most powerful tremor in world history. The world's 8th largest earthquake, a magnitude 8.8 event, hit Chile on February 27, 2010; never before have two top-ten earthquakes hit so close together in time. Today's quake was the strongest in Japanese history, and will likely be the most expensive natural disaster in world history, surpassing the $133+ billion dollar price tag from Hurricane Katrina.

Figure 1. Model-computed energy from the March 11, 2011 tsunami as visualized by the NOAA Visualization Lab.

In the U.S., the highest tsunami waves from the earthquake hit northern California and southern Oregon, with a wave height of 8.1 feet observed at Crescent City, CA, 8.6 feet at Port San Luis, CA, 8.7 feet at Arena Cove, CA, and 6.1 feet at Port Orford, OR. The tsunami swept four photographers out to sea in the Crescent City harbor, injuring three of them and leaving one missing. Extensive damage was done to the harbor and 35 boats. Up to $2 million in damage also occurred in the Santa Cruz harbor south of San Francisco.

Figure 2. Tide gauge at Crescent City, CA during the March 11, 2011 tsunami. The green line shows the height of the tsunami wave; the red line shows the observed water level. The highest tsunami wave came at at 17 UTC (9am PST), an hour and 10 minutes after the initial wave, and was 7 feet high. Image credit: NOAA.

Crescent City was hit by a devastating tsunami after the March 28, 1964 magnitude 8.8 earthquake in Alaska, which killed ten people in the city and destroyed much of the business district. The city is fortunate today that the tsunami hit at low tide, or else water levels would have been five feet higher in the city during the wave. The tide gauge at Crescent City, CA (Figure 2) shows that at least 18 separate tsunami waves have hit the harbor as of 2:45pm PST. The first wave came at about 15:50 UTC (7:50am PST), was about 2.5 feet high, and was not preceded by the ocean falling and water being sucked out to sea. After this initial wave, the ocean level dropped rapidly by 8 feet, and then a series of large waves began rushing in and out, with up to a 13 foot difference between low water and high water. The rapid speed of the in-rushing and outflowing waves were what did the damage to the harbor and its boats. The largest wave came at 17 UTC (9am PST), an hour and 10 minutes after the initial wave, and was 8.1 feet high. Fortunately, this wave came near the time of low tide, and the wave was only 2 feet above last night's high tide mark. Tidal range between low and high tide is about 5 feet at Crescent City. The tide is now rising, and new tsunami waves with height of 3 - 4 feet are still rushing in and out, with the one just before 21 UTC (1pm PST) reaching a height about 2 feet above high tide.

Figure 3. Propagation of the March 11, 2011 Honshu tsunami was computed with the NOAA forecast method using the MOST model with the tsunami source inferred from DART® data. From the NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, located at NOAA PMEL in Seattle, WA.

Portlight.org is mobilizing to provide financial assistance to people with disabilities affected by the disaster, and there will undoubtedly be a huge relief effort by numerous charities in the wake of the earthquake. Your financial contributions and prayers for those affected will be valuable.

Jeff Masters

Waves (Feather3)

During our tsunami warning that had been downgraded to an advisory, this afternoon. It was getting closer to high tide, but it was strange, watching the surges: one minute, the beach was bare, and within minutes, a surge would build up as wave after wave, low, but surging, would inundate the beaches....more shots to come.

Categories: Earthquake

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251. Grothar 04:05 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting twincomanche: Ahh, dense now I get it. We have to always be careful to not underestimate our ancestors. Why, thank you. Member Since: 17 juillet 2009 Posts: 56 Comments: 19546

252. Tazmanian 04:06 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
hi all plzs look at this link Link Member Since: 21 mai 2006 Posts: 5088 Comments: 111355

254. Tazmanian 04:07 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
It was a massive earthquake with some suggesting that they might have to revise the power of the quake upward from8.9 to 9.1. In fact the earthquake was so powerful that it caused some pretty major geological changes. Scientists from the United States Geological Service (USGS) shared some startling information while answering questions from the public today. Earth’s axis has reportedly shifted 10 inches as a result of the quake Japan’s coast is said to have permanently shifted 2.4 meters 100+ aftershocks measuring 5.0 magnitude or more have hit Japan following the initial quake The quake was 900 times stronger than the one that hit San Francisco in 1989 Shaking was felt as far away as China St. Louis, Missouri media outlets are reporting the city has moved an inch as a result of the quake Waves from the tsunami caused by the quake reached 32 feet Member Since: 21 mai 2006 Posts: 5088 Comments: 111355

256. Grothar 04:08 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Some of the new pictures coming in from Japan are horrible. They are just getting into some of the hardest hit areas. It appears many more are stranded than they thought. The US is packing the ships with as many rescue helicopters as possible. It will probably be the only way to get to these poor people. Member Since: 17 juillet 2009 Posts: 56 Comments: 19546

257. EYEStoSEA 04:12 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting Grothar: Why, thank you. It's a EENY,MEENY,MINNY,Mo...with these news channel choices......HYPE city...and who can sound more forlorn......wish there was a good one....maybe u could start one for us Grothar !! Member Since: 16 septembre 2010 Posts: 0 Comments: 1491

259. flsky 04:13 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting Grothar: We don't mind. Um, ok, thanks. Member Since: 24 octobre 2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 1276

261. PSLFLCaneVet 04:14 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
More from the BBC's Mariko Oi in Tokyo, who says more than four million households remain without electricity in northern Japan. She says phone companies are offering free public calls because mobile phone lines have been disrupted. I've also read that, 5 Nuclear power plants are now in, a State of Emergency. Member Since: 23 juillet 2010 Posts: 0 Comments: 12406

262. Floodman 04:16 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting srada: the earthquake itself wasnt as costly as Haiti but Haiti didnt have a tsunami along with a nuclear threat as Japan does..I SOOOO hope I am wrong and that the estimates arent as high as Haiti.. I disagree...the Sendai earthquake (or whatever tag will eventually be put on it) was more costly from a monetary point of view from the moment the temblor started. From a human lives standpoint, no, but it has the potential to be close. I said it earlier today: the Japanese event will dwarf the Haitian earthquake from a financial standpoint, hands down Member Since: 2 août 2006 Posts: 10 Comments: 9919

263. remembercelia 04:17 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
We have seen a disaster perhaps unparalleled in the scope of its reach. I've been watching this all day. I have a friend in Japan, a friend in the Kona area, and a son on the CA coast...and they're all fine. A lot of people are not. Let us remember those who have been, and will continue to be, affected by this catastrophe. I've been praying for these people, and hope others will send their prayers (or good wishes, if you prefer) for them. I'm also pleased to see a lot less flamethrowing than during hurricane season. I hope this civility continues. Member Since: 6 septembre 2010 Posts: 0 Comments: 21

265. srada 04:18 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
The media will always be the media..CNN wasnt the only media outlet reporting this morning about the tsunami hitting Cali..and a Tsunami did hit California today so I dont know how that is sensationalizing the story? Over 2 million in damages on the west coast..It seems and I hate to say this but to be on a beach when you know a tsunami is approaching and you choose to ignore it is asinide and the guy that lost his life was not the only person waiting or surfing on/near the water in Cali today..I rather for them to sensationalize the story than to be coy and dont report what could happen..its quite apparent that even in Cali when people were warned to stay off the beach from the media, they choose to ignore it..Not everyone in Japan had damage but they were warned by the media..lets not bash the media especially of all days..could'va, should'va and would'va wont bring lives that were lost today back.. Member Since: 17 août 2006 Posts: 1 Comments: 772

266. Ossqss 04:19 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
We are faced with another global tragedy. I remembered this from our recent past, so I thought i would share. Be strong and hope for the best for all, always! Gnight>> and remember Portlight and others that do help! Member Since: 12 juin 2005 Posts: 6 Comments: 8154

267. aspectre 04:20 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
233 Tazmanian "some one is saying that the USGS Upgrades today Quake to 9.1 can any one confrom this?" Though lots of news sites are headlining with "upgraded to 9.1", the agency claiming that higher number is the PacificTsunamiCenter. Unless the've changed the magnitude number within the last few minutes, USGS has been sticking with 8.9 Member Since: 21 août 2007 Posts: 0 Comments: 4846

268. TampaFLUSA 04:21 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting Tazmanian: It was a massive earthquake with some suggesting that they might have to revise the power of the quake upward from8.9 to 9.1. In fact the earthquake was so powerful that it caused some pretty major geological changes. Scientists from the United States Geological Service (USGS) shared some startling information while answering questions from the public today. Earth’s axis has reportedly shifted 10 inches as a result of the quake Japan’s coast is said to have permanently shifted 2.4 meters 100+ aftershocks measuring 5.0 magnitude or more have hit Japan following the initial quake The quake was 900 times stronger than the one that hit San Francisco in 1989 Shaking was felt as far away as China St. Louis, Missouri media outlets are reporting the city has moved an inch as a result of the quake Waves from the tsunami caused by the quake reached 32 feet St Louis Missouri moved an inch? Member Since: 21 juin 2007 Posts: 10 Comments: 1656

269. Xyrus2000 04:21 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting melwerle: I'm sorry if I have disagreed with the whole tsunami hitting california thing throughout the morning. San Diego went on with business as usual...the people that died today on our coast were being stupid - it's the truth. You don't go out into the water (although alot of folks went out surfing today) when you have an advisory. As far as listening to folks say that we had to evacuate our coastline, our local officials knew what was going on and took whatever action was necessary. No panic, no overreacting (like CNN hyped) and life went on as usual. Thing is...news always wants to make it "about us." And this wasn't. At all. I hate it when the news tries to tie in the "local connection" because these people in Japan REALLY are suffering. I wouldn't trade places with them for all the money in the world. Funny when I was listening to other news sources, never did i hear about our chances here about having a quake. We live in CA...we have several fault lines. My family and I have a plan where to meet if something happens when we are not together. We have supplies (especially after our easter quake last year) in several different places. It's like people on the east coast with hurricanes but we have no warning. It's what everyone in a danger zone has to live with. You guys on the east...you know what you have to do. We do too. The people in Japan...they have built their houses (as alot of our homes are built too) to withstand an earthquake. It was the water that got them - I am not sure if there is a way around that. It was horrific...and my heart is breaking to think that they could have survived the quake to be taken by the water. I's awful...but it's not about us and I'm tired of CNN freaking out and trying to make people panic. I go to school at the local college during the day and you should have heard the panic about the tsunami. School is about 30 minutes from the water...on a mountain...I consider myself rather safe. I am so sorry for these folks that are living through this and have lost family and friends - but again, I really have a huge loss of respect for the news and for folks who try to make it Sorry for my rant but when I saw the earlier post from someone before 9 am saying that the california coastline needed to be evacuated because CNN said it was going to be an issue, I almost threw up. I understand your position, and I agree with you about the news, but the warnings about tsunami waves was warranted. The problem here is people hear something like a 5 foot tsunami wave and think,"Eh, no big deal." Well it is a big deal because there is a BIG difference between tsunami and normal wind waves. Normal waves are a surface feature. The underlying water is hardly affected. Tsunami waves are pressure waves. ALL the water is moving; more like rivers. Fast moving rivers. I'm sure you've seen flood videos where 3 or 4 feet of water can merrily drag a car downstream. Tsunami waves are something like that. Even small waves can cause damage. Member Since: 31 octobre 2009 Posts: 0 Comments: 1016

270. Patrap 04:21 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
..One afternoon post K,like day 6 or 7 the Helo's were like a swarm of Bee's Buzzing from Flower to Flower,Picking Life from roof after roof... some Images are too hard to bear tonight as Gro mentions. Prayers to Japan as I head up. Member Since: 3 juillet 2005 Posts: 372 Comments: 111605

272. IFuSAYso 04:24 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting Floodman: I disagree...the Sendai earthquake (or whatever tag will eventually be put on it) was more costly from a monetary point of view from the moment the temblor started. From a human lives standpoint, no, but it has the potential to be close. I said it earlier today: the Japanese event will dwarf the Haitian earthquake from a financial standpoint, hands down I agree, just because the buildings are standing does not mean they are not red tagged/condemmed. Member Since: 8 Mars 2011 Posts: 0 Comments: 118

273. Floodman 04:25 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting TampaFLUSA: St Louis Missouri moved an inch? That was probably the local Fox station...they have always been a little, umm, out there in St Louis (I can say this as I grew up there) Member Since: 2 août 2006 Posts: 10 Comments: 9919

275. Floodman 04:26 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
G'night folks...prayers to our brothers and sisters in Japan tonight Member Since: 2 août 2006 Posts: 10 Comments: 9919

276. WatchingThisOne 04:26 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
There is a good laypersons' overview of how a nuclear plant works, and a good interview with someone from the Union of Concerned Scientists regarding the possible outcomes on MSNBC's Rachel Maddow show. Thankfully, she does not do any editorializing. Not a time for stridency. Link WTO Member Since: 15 juillet 2005 Posts: 3 Comments: 1249

277. srada 04:27 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting Floodman: I disagree...the Sendai earthquake (or whatever tag will eventually be put on it) was more costly from a monetary point of view from the moment the temblor started. From a human lives standpoint, no, but it has the potential to be close. I said it earlier today: the Japanese event will dwarf the Haitian earthquake from a financial standpoint, hands down Oh I agree..I was saying the earthquake itself will be less costly in lives than haiti but the tsunami and potential nuclear threat may put the loss of lives greater than haiti.. Member Since: 17 août 2006 Posts: 1 Comments: 772

278. Floodman 04:27 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting weatherboy1992: St Louis moved an inch? Relative to what? Relative to KTVI FOX2... Member Since: 2 août 2006 Posts: 10 Comments: 9919

279. melwerle 04:29 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting Xyrus2000: I understand your position, and I agree with you about the news, but the warnings about tsunami waves was warranted. The problem here is people hear something like a 5 foot tsunami wave and think,"Eh, no big deal." Well it is a big deal because there is a BIG difference between tsunami and normal wind waves. Normal waves are a surface feature. The underlying water is hardly affected. Tsunami waves are pressure waves. ALL the water is moving; more like rivers. Fast moving rivers. I'm sure you've seen flood videos where 3 or 4 feet of water can merrily drag a car downstream. Tsunami waves something like that. Even small waves can cause damage. And I agree with you - but the surf here is always rough in the north - and they don't know whether they guy who died, died of regular surf or the "tsumami." We have lived in the east when there was flooding on the rivers...yes it's different and it's very unpleasant. But our coast was nothing like what was experienced in Japan...that is my point and the overhyping is incredibly tacky and disrespectful of what really happened. Yes, put out the advisory but really - someone posted that CNN said that we were going to be expecting this major thing and we should all evacuate. It's ridiculous. Our local news posted one thing and other news stations were totally blowing it out of proportion. I felt like I was dealing with some earlier blogger history - it's stupid. The advisory was out. If you are dumb enough to go into the water, you're an idiot. I'm a sailor and have been dealing with the sailing community here for a couple of years (the sailing community on the east coast has different things to deal with). The folks who were worried went out, grabbed their boats and took them several miles offshore and waited it out. Those who weren't worried had bitchin insurance. Member Since: 28 juin 2006 Posts: 12 Comments: 1837

280. IFuSAYso 04:29 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
There have been 2 scientific statements in the last 16 months that earthquakes have moved the Earths axis, Haiti and now Japan. So, what would be the climate change from the shifts and how do you compare that data with global warming data. Member Since: 8 Mars 2011 Posts: 0 Comments: 118

281. melwerle 04:30 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting Floodman: G'night folks...prayers to our brothers and sisters in Japan tonight I'm with you Flood. Prayers to the folks in Japan...it's going to be a long road back. P Member Since: 28 juin 2006 Posts: 12 Comments: 1837

282. Floodman 04:31 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting srada: Oh I agree..I was saying the earthquake itself will be less costly in lives than haiti but the tsunami and potential nuclear threat may put the loss of lives greater than haiti.. The nuclear "threat" is primarily an issue of power. When the pwoer went, the plants could no longer pump water into the containments to keep them cool. The power plants all scrammed as they should have due to the earthquake activity. The problem is that the cores are still hot and without coolant running into the containments, the fuel wiill remain hot. There is danger of the fuel itself melting, but TEPCO and the goverment were trying to move a large number of generator trucks into position to re-power the pumps... Once the pumps are back online they can keep the containments cool. Member Since: 2 août 2006 Posts: 10 Comments: 9919

283. Grothar 04:31 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting Floodman: G'night folks...prayers to our brothers and sisters in Japan tonight Nite flood. Member Since: 17 juillet 2009 Posts: 56 Comments: 19546

284. Jedkins01 04:31 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting Xyrus2000: I understand your position, and I agree with you about the news, but the warnings about tsunami waves was warranted. The problem here is people hear something like a 5 foot tsunami wave and think,"Eh, no big deal." Well it is a big deal because there is a BIG difference between tsunami and normal wind waves. Normal waves are a surface feature. The underlying water is hardly affected. Tsunami waves are pressure waves. ALL the water is moving; more like rivers. Fast moving rivers. I'm sure you've seen flood videos where 3 or 4 feet of water can merrily drag a car downstream. Tsunami waves are something like that. Even small waves can cause damage. Yeah exactly, because most people are ignorant about the physics of waves, they think wave height is all that matters. Member Since: 21 août 2008 Posts: 0 Comments: 5333

285. melwerle 04:32 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting Floodman: Relative to KTVI FOX2... lol!!! Thank you for the humor tonight Flood!!! Hugs to you! Member Since: 28 juin 2006 Posts: 12 Comments: 1837

286. SquallyWx 04:33 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
I do not know how to do a link, but St. Louis moved up and down a "fraction of an inch". See link. http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/article_374bfc ae-4be5-11e0-a473-0017a4a78c22.html Member Since: 25 janvier 2011 Posts: 0 Comments: 63

287. TampaSpin 04:34 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting weatherboy1992: St Louis moved an inch? Relative to what? if the earth axis has shifted 10 inches a 1 inch shift in St. Louis and nearly every place has shifted as well when using GPS! Member Since: 2 septembre 2007 Posts: 175 Comments: 19747

288. Xyrus2000 04:35 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Public Service Announcement BEWARE OF DONATION SCAMS Almost as soon as the earthquake became news, scam sites started popping up posing as aid organizations. Make sure that you and yours only make donations on well known sites to well known organizations (like Portlight). It's disgusting, and a travesty that I have to post this. People who take advantage of this kind of situation represent the worst of humanity. I could say more, but I know we try to keep the blog clean. Member Since: 31 octobre 2009 Posts: 0 Comments: 1016

289. sunlinepr 04:35 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
More than 4 minutes Shaking Member Since: 2 août 2010 Posts: 19 Comments: 8447

291. PSLFLCaneVet 04:37 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
No offense to the great friends I've made here, but since I seem to be lost in the mass of posts, I will retreat, gracefully. Our best wishes to those affected. May the new day bring better news and renewed hope. Good night. Member Since: 23 juillet 2010 Posts: 0 Comments: 12406

292. srada 04:39 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting PSLFLCaneVet: No offense to the great friends I've made here, but since I seem to be lost in the mass of posts, I will retreat, gracefully. Our best wishes to those affected. May the new day bring better news and renewed hope. Good night. Im heading out too..Goodnight! Member Since: 17 août 2006 Posts: 1 Comments: 772

293. aspectre 04:39 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
261 PSLFLCaneVet "I've also read that 5 Nuclear power plants are now in a State of Emergency." Nope, making refererence to multiple reactors within the same powerplants. ie The nearby presence of a failed shutdown necessitated the declaration of an Emergency on those reactors which have otherwise been successfully placed into safe-mode. Member Since: 21 août 2007 Posts: 0 Comments: 4846

295. Xyrus2000 04:40 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting weatherboy1992: snickers that was funny. Link for tide gauges showing abnormally high readings in the past day. Stations in RED on the left. Clicking on the west coast gauges it looks like tsunami waves have been bouncing around for the past 12 hours. That surprised me. I thought things would have settled down after an hour or two. Nah, something this big will bounce and reflect all across the Pacific ocean. It will calm down eventually. Member Since: 31 octobre 2009 Posts: 0 Comments: 1016

297. melwerle 04:43 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting RecordSeason: That would be relative to the normal GPS coordinates. Modern Geology uses GPS stations in addition to seismometers to track ground movements, so they can tell how much the elevation or coordinate position changes, accurate to within a fraction of an inch. This is done via tetration with 4 or more orbiting satellites in the GPS system. I suppose "Daphne" will be "recalculating" alot more in the next several months then. Member Since: 28 juin 2006 Posts: 12 Comments: 1837

298. WatchingThisOne 04:44 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting Xyrus2000: I understand your position, and I agree with you about the news, but the warnings about tsunami waves was warranted. The problem here is people hear something like a 5 foot tsunami wave and think,"Eh, no big deal." Well it is a big deal because there is a BIG difference between tsunami and normal wind waves. Normal waves are a surface feature. The underlying water is hardly affected. Tsunami waves are pressure waves. ALL the water is moving; more like rivers. Fast moving rivers. I'm sure you've seen flood videos where 3 or 4 feet of water can merrily drag a car downstream. Tsunami waves are something like that. Even small waves can cause damage. Thank you for that explanation. Member Since: 15 juillet 2005 Posts: 3 Comments: 1249

299. PSLFLCaneVet 04:49 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Quoting aspectre: 261 PSLFLCaneVet "I've also read that 5 Nuclear power plants are now in a State of Emergency." Nope, making refererence to multiple reactors within the same powerplants. ie The nearby presence of a failed shutdown necessitated the declaration of an Emergency on those reactors which have otherwise been successfully placed into safe-mode. Thanks, my bad. 5 plants shut down. Member Since: 23 juillet 2010 Posts: 0 Comments: 12406

300. sunlinepr 04:51 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Sendai Japan 3 day forecast (No electricity - No heat) * Snow Shower Currently: 44 Snow Shower 45 \| 31 * sunny Tomorrow Sunny 57 \| 35 * cloudy Monday Cloudy 60 \| 34 Member Since: 2 août 2010 Posts: 19 Comments: 8447

301. Xyrus2000 04:52 GMT le 12 Mars 2011
Seems like the aftershocks are finally slowing down. Only a couple of 5M+ in the past hour. Member Since: 31 octobre 2009 Posts: 0 Comments: 1016

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