TD 8 forms; 97L a potential threat to the Caribbean and U.S.
Tropical Depression Eight formed last night near the coast of Honduras, and is headed westwards towards a landfall in Belize on Saturday. TD 8 is a small storm, so will impact a relatively small area of northern Honduras, northern Guatemala, all of Belize, and southern portions of Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. TD 8 has just enough room between its center and the coast of Honduras to intensify into a moderate strength tropical storm with 50 - 60 mph winds before landfall. It is very unlikely TD8 has the time or room to intensify into a hurricane; NHC gave the storm just a 7% chance of making it to hurricane strength in their 11am EDT wind probability forecast. Should TD8 make it to tropical storm strength, it would be called Harvey.
Figure 1. Morning satellite image of TD 8.
Invest 97L likely to become a tropical storm next week, could threaten the U.S.
A tropical wave near 14°N 48°W, about 800 miles east of the Lesser Antilles Islands, is moving westward near 20 mph. This wave, designated Invest 97L by NHC yesterday, has seen a marked increase in its heavy thunderstorm activity this morning, but dry air to the north and west is slowing development. An impressive amount of large-scale spin is obvious in visible satellite loops, but the storm is at least a day away from forming a well-defined surface circulation. Ocean temperatures are about 28.5°C, about 2°C above the threshold needed to support a tropical storm, and wind shear is low, 5 - 10 knots.
Figure 2. Morning satellite image of the tropical wave 97L.
The computer models have shown an unusual amount of agreement in developing 97L over the past few days, and all the ingredients seem to be in place for a tropical storm to form by Monday or Tuesday as 97L crosses the Northeast Caribbean. The atmosphere is expected to be moister over the Caribbean, wind shear will remain a low 5 - 10 knots, and sea surface temperatures will increase to near 29°C. The main impediment for development will likely be two-fold: too much dry, stable air, and proximity to land.
As seen in Figure 3, there has been an unusual amount of dry, stable air in the Atlantic this year, due to a combination of dry air from Africa, and upper-atmosphere dynamics creating large areas of sinking air that dry as they warm and approach the surface. This stable air has been largely responsible for the fact that none of our seven tropical storms so far this year has made it to hurricane strength, despite the presence of sea surface temperatures that are the 3rd warmest on record across the tropical Atlantic. Tropical Storm Emily in early August encountered problems with dry air when it crossed the Northeast Caribbean, and 97L may have similar difficulties.
Figure 3. Vertical instability of the atmosphere during 2011 in the Caribbean (left) and tropical Atlantic between the Lesser Antilles Islands and coast of Africa (right.) The instability is plotted in °C, as a difference in temperature from near the surface to the upper atmosphere. Thunderstorms grow much more readily when vertical instability is high. Observed vertical instability (blue line) has been much lower than the climatological average from previous years (black line), due to an unusual amount of dry air in the atmosphere, inhibiting tropical storm development this year. Image credit: NOAA/CIRA.
Encounters with land will be another potential major problem for 97L. Most of the computer models take 97L near or over Puerto Rico Sunday night, then very close to or over mountainous Hispaniola Monday night through Tuesday. It is unlikely that 97L will be stronger than a 55 mph tropical storm when it encounters these islands, and passage over the islands could severely disrupt the storm. However, if 97L takes a path just south or north of Hispaniola, the potential exists for the storm to intensify into a hurricane.
There will be moderate wind shear of 10 - 20 knots to the north of the islands early next week, so a path just to the south of the Dominican Republic and Haiti would be more likely to let 97L intensify into a hurricane. A west-northwest motion is likely for 97L through Wednesday, which would bring the storm to the vicinity of Jamaica-Central Cuba-the Central Bahamas on Wednesday. On Wednesday and Thursday, the models agree that a trough of low pressure will dip down over the Eastern U.S., which is likely to turn 97L to the north. The exact timing and strength of this trough varies considerably from model to model, and will be critical in determining where and when 97L will turn to the north. The best model for predicting the timing and strength of such troughs over the past two years has been the ECMWF (European Center model), and this model currently brings 97L into the Florida Keys on Thursday night next week. You can view ECMWF forecasts on our wundermap with the model layer turned on. The European Center does not permit public display of tropical storm positions from their hurricane tracking module of their model, so we are unable to put ECMWF forecasts on our computer model forecast page that plots positions from the other major models.
Remember that a 7-day forecast by even our best model will be off by an average of over 700 miles, so it is too early to tell what part of the U.S. might be most at risk from a strike by 97L. This weekend would be a good time to go over your hurricane preparedness.
Figure 4. Morning satellite image of Invest 98L off the coast of Africa.
Invest 98L near the coast of Africa
A tropical wave near the coast of Africa, a few hundred miles southeast of the Cape Verde Islands, is moving west to west-northwestward at 10 - 15 mph. This wave, designated Invest 98L by NHC yesterday, is large and well-organized, with a modest amount of spin and heavy thunderstorm activity. 98L will bring strong, gusty winds and heavy rains to the Cape Verde Islands today and Saturday as the storm skirts to the south. So far this morning, top sustained winds measured in the islands were 24 mph at Mindelo. Water temperatures are warm, near 27 - 28°C, and wind shear is low, 5 - 10 knots, so 98L should continue to organize today. NHC gave the storm a 50% chance of developing into a tropical depression in their 8am advisory. Once 98L passes to the west of the Cape Verde Islands, it has a long stretch of ocean to cross before it could affect any other land areas. Approximately 70 - 80% of all tropical cyclones that pass this close to the Cape Verde Islands end up curving out to sea and not affecting any other land areas, according to Dr. Bob Hart's excellent historical probability of landfall charts. The latest set of long-range model runs go along with this idea, but it is too early to be confident of this.
Jeff Masters
Reader Comments
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I see that I was wrong about Harvey's time. And 97L is looking very good right now, although it has dry air around it. Though seems to be organizing more and more. I see there is another invest, which kinda surprised me.
thats olny ues for TD TS or hurricane so it will be for are new TS
Sadly I don't have the "Homer" version, but this should help the new guy anyway!
Ditto. Please mention which storm you are posting info about.
That one was for 93L/Harvey
fish, lol
Oh!
I thought it was the other way around.
I will double-check.....
SFWMD models
Better a Humberto than a Keith! But I don't see that happening. Never know till it's over though!
There's nothing wrong with storms that don't hurt anyone. The more storms that don't do any damage, the better.
Cool. Thank you
The Bay Islanders [Roatan etc.] were hoping for some rain, as it has been dry there, too, this spring / summer. They're hoping the wind isn't too bad, I'd guess, but glad for the moisture.
The shower curtain is a way inside joke from back in ....what 2007/8 season.... lol.... I assume you've learned about crow?
Ruh Roh...the dreaded Hebert's box...
97L has increasingly nice looking outflow.
Just a bit over done on that intensity lol.
By Monday we could be ahead of 2005 in number of named storms. Everyone ready for some Greek names?
However, we are WAY behind on ACE, but that is going to get a boost in the next few weeks.
If 97L could be a major hurricane, I can't imagine what 99L could be. A SuperHyperUltimate-Cane?
99L no fish
this is olny the 1st set of mode runs for 99L and 99L is more S then 98L is am forcasting 99L too follow 97L
It is in it's PRIME right now....
All Signs and Portents are pointing Doomwards.
heheheheh
More like next 24 hours if Harvey's trends continue.
LOL
Not sure, we may see one tomorrow.
My thoughts exactly! And, of course, he misspelled it. LOL!!!
Edit: Ok, that new invest suddenly came up lol.
im right here and we just had a major gully washer come thru. raining sideways. lightened up a bit for the moment. winds light at approx 20 - 25 mph. some flooding up on the east end of the island. will keep posting whenever things change.
That is 99L.
I agree. The land interaction may be one of the biggest factors influencing 97L's track and intensity, and we know that strange things have happened before in proximity to those big islands.
I think the next biggest determining factor will be where 97L enters the Caribbean, which is directly tied to where its surface center develops. In all likelyhood, it will be close to the convection that is currently firing, on the NW tip of the negatively-tilted tropical wave. The broad circulation is centered way off to the southeast near 11N, but 97L will likely have to form a new center where the vorticity and low-level convergence are greatest. This will determine where it enters the Caribbean, and may be the deciding factor in whether the system has to run directly over Hispaniola or not.
OK I got that wrong...
I thought 99 was NE of 98!
I had them backwards.
(cringes into a dark corner...)
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